JKEP

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG FOURTH AND FIFTH GRADERS IN PALEMBANG

2026-05-07T10:23:25+07:00

Aggressive behavior is intentional behavior, either physical or verbal, with the intent to hurt or harm others, caused by several factors. The aim of this research was to identify factors associated with aggressive behavior among fourth and fifth-grade students at SDN 111 Palembang, Indonesia. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population comprised 231 students in grades IV and V, with a sample of 101 respondents selected using cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that 58 respondents (57.4%) were categorized as having high levels of aggressive behavior. There was a significant association between aggressive behavior and parenting style (p = 0.005), peer influence (p = 0.003), and playing violent video games (p = 0.007). However, no significant associations were found between aggressive behavior and snacking habits (p = 0.106) or exposure to violent media on television (p = 0.061). Aggressive behavior in children emerges as they become more exposed to external environmental influences that affect their cognitive and social development. Therefore, continuous monitoring by parents and teachers is necessary to control aggressive actions and recognize early signs of aggressive behavior in children.

THE INFLUENCE OF VIDEO-BASED EDUCATION AND LEAFLETS ON IMPROVING FAMILY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES IN THE PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

2026-05-12T13:45:10+07:00

The prevalence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia continues to rise. Efforts to prevent coronary heart disease thru increasing family knowledge are very much needed. One of the efforts that can be made to increase family knowledge is thru health education using video media and leaflets. Research discussing the influence of educational media such as videos and leaflets on family knowledge in the prevention of heart disease is still limited. In addition, based on interviews with several family members in Tanah Datar Village, they stated that they have never received information about PJK prevention thru videos and leaflets. The number of people with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, is also quite high. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of video- and leaflet-based education on improving families’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the preventionn of CHD. This research is an experimental study with a One group pre-test-post-test design approach. The sample size is 105 participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS with a Paired Sample T-Test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The average knowledge score before the intervention was 53.41, and after the intervention, it was 84.49, with a p-value of 0.000. The average attitude score before the intervention was 22.70, and after the intervention, it was 33.90, with a p-value of 0.000. The intervention of health education videos and leaflets significantly improved the family’s knowledge about CHD prevention and their attitudes towards preventive actions.

DEVELOPING A SHORT FILM AS AN EDUCATIONAL MEDIUM ABOUT DIETARY PATTERNS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE PUSKESMAS JEMBATAN KECIL BENGKULU CITY

2026-05-18T15:46:12+07:00

Diabetes mellitus is a disease marked by hyperglycemia resulting in disturbances in insulin secretion or function. Risk factors, the main triggers of diabetes mellitus type 2, include genetic factors, lifestyle, and unhealthy eating patterns. Diet management based on the 3J principle (schedule, quantity, and type) plays an important role in controlling blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Education and health through audiovisual media can effectively transform knowledge for somebody through the five senses of information. Therefore, effective educational media are needed, it can be through audiovisual media, namely short films. This research aimed to develop and assess short film eligibility as a medium for dietary education for type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers in Puskesmas Jembatan Kecil, Bengkulu. Then, the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research sample consisted of 43 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from a total population of 294 patients. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, questionnaires, validation media expert, and validation expert materials, as well as testing the eligibility to respondents. Results analysis needs to show that a big part of the informants like film media as a means of delivering health information. Results validation media experts obtain a value of 81.81% with a very good category rating, whereas validation expert material gets a value of 100% with a very good category rating. Test eligibility on users shows a percentage of 93.02%, which shows that short film media is very worthy of use as an educational medium for health for type 2 diabetes mellitus sufferers. Short film media developed as expected can be effective for education in increasing patient understanding about the importance of diet planning for type 2 diabetes mellitus control.

PUZZLE PLAY THERAPY WITH PARENTS AS A NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S ANXIETY DUE TO HOSPITALIZATION

2026-05-20T21:23:53+07:00

Preschool children frequently experience anxiety during hospitalization due to unfamiliar environments, unpleasant medical procedures, and limited interaction with their parents. This anxiety may reduce children’s cooperation during treatment and negatively affect treatment outcomes if it is not properly managed. This study aimed to determine the effect of puzzle-playing therapy involving parental participation on anxiety levels among hospitalized preschool children. This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample consisted of 22 preschool-aged children admitted to Tarakan Regional General Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Face Image Scale (FIS) before and after the intervention. Puzzle-playing therapy was administered with parental involvement for approximately 15 minutes over two days. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the median anxiety score decreased from 4 to 1 following the intervention. The Wilcoxon test indicated a statistically significant difference (p = .001). These findings demonstrate that puzzle-playing therapy involving parental participation effectively reduces anxiety among hospitalized preschool children.

COMBINATION OF CAT STRETCH EXERCISE MOVEMENTS WITH COUNTER PRESSURE TECHNIQUE ON MENSTRUAL PAIN

2026-05-21T10:26:35+07:00

Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, is primarily associated with increased production of prostaglandins, which trigger uterine contractions and result in pain during menstruation. This condition affects approximately 29% of women, with around 12% frequently missing school each month. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining cat stretch exercises (CSE) with counter pressure (CP) techniques in reducing menstrual pain among seventh-grade students. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group approach was employed. A total of 56 respondents were selected through purposive sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and the intervention was implemented according to standard operating procedures (SOP). Data were analyzed using Paired Sample t-test and Independent t-test to assess within-group and between-group differences. The results showed that the mean pre-test pain score was 4.36 ± 1.471 in the intervention group and 4.71 ± 2.034 in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.455). After the intervention, the mean pain score decreased to 2.14 ± 1.407 in the intervention group and 3.21 ± 1.931 in the control group, indicating a statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.021). In conclusion, there was a statistically significant reduction in menstrual pain among students who received the combination of cat stretch exercises and counter pressure techniques. These findings suggest that this combined intervention may be considered as a complementary approach to help manage menstrual pain in school settings, although further research with more rigorous designs is recommended.

MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND STRESS LEVELS IN RELATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2026-05-21T17:35:28+07:00

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that may affect physical, psychological, and social well-being, thereby influencing patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between medication adherence and stress levels with quality of life among patients with T2DM in primary healthcare. A quantitative analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted among 83 patients with T2DM selected using purposive sampling. Medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and quality of life using the Diabetes Quality of Life–Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI). Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Most respondents demonstrated high medication adherence (47.0%), low stress levels (47.0%), and high quality of life (48.2%). There was a significant relationship between medication adherence and quality of life (p = 0.005). Respondents with higher medication adherence tended to report better quality of life. Stress level was also significantly associated with quality of life (p = 0.032), where higher stress levels were associated with poorer quality of life. Medication adherence and stress levels were significantly associated with quality of life among patients with T2DM. These findings highlight the importance of integrating adherence support and psychosocial management into diabetes care in primary healthcare settings.

DESIGN OF THE HBA-10M PEER EDUCATION MODEL AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT RECURRENCE OF PNEUMONIA AGAINST THE RISK OF REPEATED TRANSMISSION IN TODDLERS BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2026-05-22T14:41:46+07:00

Pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality among children under five worldwide, with recurring cases significantly contributing to this burden. In Indonesia, pneumonia ranks as the second leading cause of infant death, with high rates of recurrence that impair child health. This study aims to develop and evaluate a Peer Education Model, HBA (Hygiene Behaviour Awareness), integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to prevent recurrent pneumonia and reduce transmission risks in preschool children. The research adopts a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests without a control group, involving 20 participants who were divided into two intervention groups. Data collection included a literature review, instrument development, prototype design, and implementation of the AI-based peer education intervention, conducted over two months with six sessions, followed by a four-month follow-up to assess pneumonia recurrence. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results are expected to demonstrate improved parental knowledge, behaviors, and adherence to pneumonia prevention steps, ultimately reducing recurrence rates. This innovative approach integrates digital technology and peer groups to enhance health literacy and early detection of at-risk children. The findings are expected to contribute to sustainable health efforts aligned with SDGs 3 and 4, emphasizing health promotion and quality education. The developed HBA-10M AI prototype will be published and protected by copyright, offering a scalable strategy for pneumonia prevention in similar contexts. This study highlights the potential of AI-supported peer education in improving child health outcomes and provides a model for community-based health interventions. Overall, this research offers a novel solution to mitigate recurrent pneumonia among vulnerable populations by combining technological innovation with peer-led health education.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH HYPERTENSION

2026-05-22T15:01:41+07:00

Lack of physical activity in the elderly affects the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. High self-efficacy can help people maintain energy during physical activity. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity in the elderly with hypertension. The research design used is descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach involving 106 elderly people. The questionnaires General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The data analysis in this study used the Chi-Square test. The results of the study found that the self-efficacy of the majority of the elderly was in the high category (52.8%), and physical activity in the majority of elderly with hypertension was in the low category (51.9%). The results of the Chi-Square test showed a relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity in the elderly with hypertension. a p-value of 0.030 (<0.05). Elderly people who have high self-efficacy engage in physical activity in the high category. Self-efficacy plays a role in maintaining motivation to do physical activity. Health workers need to include self-efficacy-boosting and activity interventions to improve the effectiveness of hypertension management programs.

THE EFFECT OF EXPRESSIVE WRITING ON STRESS LEVELS IN FINAL-LEVEL BACHELOR OF APPLIED NURSING STUDENTS AT THE POLTEKKES KEMENKES SURABAYA

2026-05-26T08:34:31+07:00

Final-year university students often experience high academic stress due to the pressure of completing final projects, meeting deadlines, and fulfilling academic expectations, making them vulnerable to psychological distress. Preliminary observations showed that 54% of students experienced moderate stress and 46% severe stress, indicating a significant impact on mental well-being. Expressive writing, a technique that encourages individuals to express thoughts and emotions through structured writing, is known to reduce psychological tension. This study used a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design with 109 final-year students selected through purposive sampling. Expressive writing was the independent variable, while stress levels were measured using the Student-Life Stress Inventory (SLSI). The intervention consisted of four sessions conducted over two weeks. Before the intervention, most students had moderate to severe stress levels. After completing the sessions, a noticeable reduction in stress was observed. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores (p = 0.000; p < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of expressive writing in reducing academic stress. These findings indicate that expressive writing helps students process emotions, improve psychological regulation, and develop healthier coping strategies. Therefore, it can be recommended as a practical, low-cost method for final-year students to manage academic stress.

EXPERIENCES OF THE ELDERLY IN SELF-MANAGEMENT OF JOINT PAIN IN THE BENCAH VILLAGE AREA

2026-05-26T08:47:32+07:00

Joint pain is a health problem often experienced by the elderly due to degenerative processes and their impact on physical function, psychological condition, and daily activities. The success of joint pain management depends not only on medical therapy but also on the elderly’s ability to perform self-management. This study aims to explore the experiences of the elderly in self-managing joint pain in the Bencah Village area in 2025. This study employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique involving four participants with the criteria of being elderly aged ≥ 60 years, experiencing joint pain, and being able to communicate verbally. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, field notes, and audio recordings. Data analysis used the Colaizzi method. The results identified four main themes: (1) sensory perception and factors influencing the perception of joint pain, (2) efforts of the elderly in relieving pain through pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, (3) emotional reactions and efforts to achieve self-calming when pain occurs, and (4) the need for care and family support in pain management. The conclusion shows that self-management of joint pain in the elderly is influenced by individual understanding, emotional conditions, physical abilities, and family support. Continuous health education is essential to improve the elderly’s understanding of how to perform warm compresses independently, select safe medications according to medical recommendations, and apply relaxation techniques to maintain emotional stability when pain occurs. Active family involvement is also needed to enhance the effectiveness of joint pain self-management among the elderly.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND DIET ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AT THE HEALTH CENTER OF CIRACAS DISTRICT, EAST JAKARTA

2026-05-27T16:46:19+07:00

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by impaired insulin secretion or ineffective insulin function, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and an increased risk of long-term complications. Dietary management is an important component of diabetes treatment because proper eating habits help maintain blood glucose levels and prevent complications. However, many patients still experience difficulties in following dietary recommendations, which can negatively affect glycemic control. Recent developments in diabetes management emphasize the role of behavioral and psychological factors in improving self-care, particularly self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s confidence in performing behaviors necessary to achieve desired health outcomes. Although previous studies have mainly focused on pharmacological therapy and metabolic outcomes, limited evidence has examined the relationship between self-efficacy and dietary adherence in primary healthcare settings in Indonesia. Therefore, understanding this relationship is important for developing effective nursing and behavioral interventions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and dietary adherence among patients with diabetes mellitus at the Ciracas District Health Center, East Jakarta. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in May 2025 involving 66 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Self-efficacy was measured using the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), while dietary adherence was assessed using the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and dietary adherence (p = 0.001). Patients with higher self-efficacy demonstrated better compliance with dietary recommendations, indicating that greater confidence supports effective diabetes self-management behaviors in daily life.

THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG HBA1C, LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) CHOLESTEROL, AND SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2026-05-27T17:48:10+07:00

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease often accompanied by cardiovascular complications, one of which is hypertension. Controlling HbA1c and LDL cholesterol levels is a crucial component of diabetes mellitus management, aiming to reduce the risk of these complications. This study aimed to analyze the association between HbA1c control and LDL cholesterol control with systolic blood pressure control in diabetes mellitus patients at the Tejakula II Community Health Center. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were registered Diabetes Mellitus patients receiving services at the Tejakula II Community Health Center. The sample size of this research was 47 participants. Data on HbA1C, LDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were obtained from patient medical records. Data were analyzed bivariately using appropriate statistical tests and odds ratio calculations. The results showed that HbA1C and LDL cholesterol control were not significantly associated with systolic blood pressure control (p > 0.05). The model explained 13.4% of the variation in systolic blood pressure control (Nagelkerke R² = 0,134). Although the odds ratios suggested a tendency toward a higher risk of uncontrolled systolic blood pressure among patients with uncontrolled HbA1C and LDL levels, these associations were not statistically significant. However, patients with uncontrolled HbA1C and LDL cholesterol levels had a higher risk of developing uncontrolled systolic blood pressure. Diabetes Mellitus management needs to be carried out comprehensively and multifactorially in primary health care facilities.